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This book explores the emergence, and in Poland, Hungary, and
Russia the coming to power, of politicians and political parties
rejecting the consensus around market reforms, democratization, and
rule of law that has characterized moves toward an "open society"
from the 1990s. It discusses how over the last decade these
political actors, together with various think tanks, intellectual
circles, and religious actors, have increasingly presented
themselves as "conservatives," and outlines how these actors are
developing a new local brand of conservatism as a full-fledged
ideology that counters the perceived liberal overemphasis on
individual rights and freedom, and differs from the ideology of the
established, present-day conservative parties of Western Europe.
Overall, the book argues that the "renaissance of conservatism" in
these countries represents variations on a new, illiberal
conservatism that aims to re-establish a strong state sovereignty
defining and pursuing a national path of development.
This book explores the emergence, and in Poland, Hungary, and
Russia the coming to power, of politicians and political parties
rejecting the consensus around market reforms, democratization, and
rule of law that has characterized moves toward an "open society"
from the 1990s. It discusses how over the last decade these
political actors, together with various think tanks, intellectual
circles, and religious actors, have increasingly presented
themselves as "conservatives," and outlines how these actors are
developing a new local brand of conservatism as a full-fledged
ideology that counters the perceived liberal overemphasis on
individual rights and freedom, and differs from the ideology of the
established, present-day conservative parties of Western Europe.
Overall, the book argues that the "renaissance of conservatism" in
these countries represents variations on a new, illiberal
conservatism that aims to re-establish a strong state sovereignty
defining and pursuing a national path of development.
Business leaders exert extraordinary influence on institution
building in market economies but they think and act within
institutional settings. This book combines both an elite approach
with a varieties-of-capitalism approach. Comparing Poland, Hungary
and East and West Germany, we perceive the transformations in East
Central Europe and in Germany after 1989 as being intertwined.
Based on a joint survey, this book seeks to measure the level of
the convergence of ideas among European business leaders, assuming
it to be more extensive than the institutional convergence expected
under the dominance of neoliberal discourse. Analyzing the
institutional framework, organizational features like size,
ownership and labour relations, and subjective characteristics like
age, social origin, career patterns and attitudes of the recent
business elites, we found significant differences between countries
and the types of organization. The growing importance of economic
degrees and internationalization shows astonishingly little
explanatory power on the views of business leaders. The idea of a
coordinated market economy is still relatively widespread among
Germans, while their Hungarian and Polish counterparts are more
likely to display a minimalist view of corporate responsibility to
society and adverse attitudes towards employee representation.
However, their attitudes frequently tend to be inconsistent, which
mirrors the mixed type of capitalism in East Central Europe.
Business leaders exert extraordinary influence on institution
building in market economies but they think and act within
institutional settings. This book combines both an elite approach
with a varieties-of-capitalism approach. Comparing Poland, Hungary
and East and West Germany, we perceive the transformations in East
Central Europe and in Germany after 1989 as being intertwined.
Based on a joint survey, this book seeks to measure the level of
the convergence of ideas among European business leaders, assuming
it to be more extensive than the institutional convergence expected
under the dominance of neoliberal discourse. Analyzing the
institutional framework, organizational features like size,
ownership and labour relations, and subjective characteristics like
age, social origin, career patterns and attitudes of the recent
business elites, we found significant differences between countries
and the types of organization. The growing importance of economic
degrees and internationalization shows astonishingly little
explanatory power on the views of business leaders. The idea of a
coordinated market economy is still relatively widespread among
Germans, while their Hungarian and Polish counterparts are more
likely to display a minimalist view of corporate responsibility to
society and adverse attitudes towards employee representation.
However, their attitudes frequently tend to be inconsistent, which
mirrors the mixed type of capitalism in East Central Europe.
This book explores the contradictory development of gender roles in
Central and Eastern Europe including Russia. In light of the social
changes that followed the collapse of communism and the rise of new
conservatism in Eastern Europe, it studies new forms of gender
relationships and reassesses the status quo of female empowerment.
Moreover, leading scholars in gender studies discuss how right-wing
populism and conservative movements have affected sociopolitical
discourses and concepts related to gender roles, rights, and
attitudes, and how Western feminism in the 1990s may have
contributed to this conservative turn. Mainly focusing on power
constellations and gender, the book is divided into four parts: the
first explores the history of and recent trends in feminist
movements in Eastern Europe, while the second highlights the
dynamics and conflicts that gained momentum after neoconservative
parties gained political power in post-socialist countries. In
turn, the third part discusses new empowerment strategies and
changes in gender relationships. The final part illustrates the
identities, roles, and concepts of masculinity created in the
sociocultural and political context of Eastern Europe.
This book explores the contradictory development of gender roles in
Central and Eastern Europe including Russia. In light of the social
changes that followed the collapse of communism and the rise of new
conservatism in Eastern Europe, it studies new forms of gender
relationships and reassesses the status quo of female empowerment.
Moreover, leading scholars in gender studies discuss how right-wing
populism and conservative movements have affected sociopolitical
discourses and concepts related to gender roles, rights, and
attitudes, and how Western feminism in the 1990s may have
contributed to this conservative turn. Mainly focusing on power
constellations and gender, the book is divided into four parts: the
first explores the history of and recent trends in feminist
movements in Eastern Europe, while the second highlights the
dynamics and conflicts that gained momentum after neoconservative
parties gained political power in post-socialist countries. In
turn, the third part discusses new empowerment strategies and
changes in gender relationships. The final part illustrates the
identities, roles, and concepts of masculinity created in the
sociocultural and political context of Eastern Europe.
Die vorliegende Studie ist eine uberarbeitete und erweiterte
Fassung eines Forschungsberichts, welcher im Rahmen der
Max-Planck-Arbeitsgruppe Transformationsprozesse in den neuen
Bundeslandern unter Leitung von Prof. Helmut Wiesenthai an der
Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin entstanden ist. Mein Dank gilt der
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, die mir zwischen 1994 und 1996 durch ein
Post-Doc-Stipendium diese Forschung ermoeglicht hat. Wirt-
schaftskooperation ist ein schwieriges, mitunter heikles und haufig
auch komplexes Feld. Ohne die Gesprachsbereitschaft und Geduld
meiner Inter- viewpartner ware es kaum moeglich gewesen, diese
Arbeit voranzubringen, und daflir moechte ich mich ganz besonders
bedanken. Bei der Projektbearbeitung und dem Schreiben des Buches
erhielt ich von unterschiedlichen Seiten Anregungen, Unterstutzung
und Kritik, die fur mich unschatzbar waren. Ich moechte mich bei
den Kolleginnen und Kollegen der Max-Planck-Arbeitsgruppe, die 1996
ihren regularen Abschluss fand, bedanken, ganz besonders bei Ulrike
Berger, Petra Stykow, Jan Wielgohs, Lora Renz-Moritz und Helmuth
Wiesenthai sowie bei Christine Steiner, die fur einen erheblichen
Teil der Interviews die Arbeit des Protokollierens auf sich
genommen hat. Grossen Dank gebuhrt auch meinen Kolleginnen und
Kollegen vom Institut fur Soziologie der
Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, die nicht nur einen wichtigen
Diskussionszusammenhang fur die Fertigstel- lung dieses Buches
boten, sondern auch Thesen und Darstellung in unter- schiedlichen
Phasen der Arbeit kritisch kommentierten. Vor allem moechte ich
mich bei Michael Behr, Hans-Joachim Gergs, Gerd Moell, Rudi Schmidt
und Margot Stock bedanken. Gudrun Richter ubernahm in akribischer
De- tailarbeit die Endkorrektur und uberprufte die
Literaturangaben, so dass noch so manche Fehler und
Satzmissbildungen ausgemerzt werden konnten.
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